Walter Miller’s Alien Invader

It swam like an airborne jellyfish. A cluster of silver threads it seemed, tangled in a cloud of filaments–or a giant mass of dandelion fluff. It leaked out misty pseudopods, then drew them back as it pulled itself through the air. Weightless as chicken down, huge as a barn, it flew–and drifted from the direction of the sphere in a semi-circle, as if inspecting the land, at times moving against the wind.

It was coming closer to the house.

It moved with purpose, and therefore was alive. This Lucey knew. It moved with its millions of spun threads, finer than a spider’s web, the patterns as ordered as a neural array.

- Walter M. Miller, Jr., “You Triflin’ Skunk”

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Alan Moore on Writing

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On Small Town Gay Bar

Small Town Gay Bar is a film by Malcolm Ingram about gay bars in the American South. Specifically, it is about Mississippi, but there’s nothing particularly unique about the location–the content of the documentary could be about anywhere in the South. The broad argument of the documentary is that small gay bars in small Southern towns are necessary places for the development of queer communities in these places, which is kind of a “no duh” thing when I write it down. However, most of the documentary is constructed from interviews with average bar goers, people who just want to go and have a good time and meet people and just not be surrounded by straight people all the time.

The documentary hits hard for me because it is a portrait of a community living under occupation. Discrimination is a problem for anyone who isn’t a straight white cis male in America, but the South is literally another country when it comes to those things. I experience Small Town Gay Bar like I do the writing of James Baldwin or Virginie Despentes or Frantz Fanon. Here is a document of what it is like to live in a world where a huge chunk of the population wants you, at best, to be punished for living. At worst, they call for your murder and social castigation.

I don’t have a comprehensive read on the film. I don’t have a criticism or a review, although I will say that the Tour of Gay Bars in Northeast Mississippi segment was certainly my favorite part of the film.

Small Town Gay Bar is available on Netflix Instant.

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Leopold Lambert on Architecture and Occupation

Occupation is a second way that architecture is used to serve military purposes. Of course one could think of the Roman Legion’s settlement and some other temporary military structures; nevertheless, it seems more interesting here to understand the word military as an ensemble of means by which a nation exercises its power over a group of people. In this regard, occupation appears to be even more efficient when it is applied through a civil materialization rather than a strictly military one. 19th and 20th centuries’ European countries understood it perfectly and their bureaucratic administration-architecturally organized and represented-probably acted (and sometimes retroactively still do) more on the colonized country’s biopolitics than the colonizer’s army did.

Leopold Lambert, Weaponized Architecture p.18

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On The Max Payne Franchise

paynes

I’m in that weird interstitial period between semesters, and I have somehow managed to keep deadlines at bay enough to do something that I’ve wanted to do since last November: play all of the Max Payne games back-to-back-to-back.

What follows is a few words about each game.

I. Max Payne

The trick in my situation was that there was no trick, no matter what the movies tell you. No rules, no secret mantra, no road map. It wasn’t about how smart or how good you were. It was chaos and luck, and anyone who thought different was a fool. All you could do was hang on madly, as long and as hard as you could.

A list of things that happen in the first thirty minutes of Max Payne: the protagonists wife is killed by horror-film line spouting supermethheads, the couple’s child is murdered, Max Payne drives a train through a wall, and the player dies about five hundred times before she figures out how the combat mechanics actually work.

The narrative of Max Payne sets up the content for the rest of the series: Max begins the game with nothing to lose, becomes embroiled in a gang war that can only be resolved with a gun in each hand, and then realizes that he is involved in a conspiracy so large that it can’t be understood. With that knowledge, Payne decides that all he can do is sacrifice his body so that those benefiting from the conspiracy will pay for their crimes. A few hours later, the game ends.

Those are the broad strokes, and I have to say that Max Payne is merely serviceable in the macro; it is a third person shooter with an interesting story, but nothing special.

Max Payne‘s micro, however, is amazing because it is designed around the enclosed interaction. Because of what I assume has to be technical limitations, the AI of the enemies in Max Payne is not very good. In fact, when they catch sight of Max, they fire, run toward him, fire, and then repeat until they are five feet away going full auto with an uzi. To avoid huge swaths of enemies literally swarming the player, the game is designed in rooms; each one has particular enemy placement and a predictable pattern that the player comes to memorize.

I say this because I quick saved outside of every room and had to replay each and every one of them two or three times in order to not be killed. I developed a set of reflexes and a sense for signal reading–I ducked and dodged and bulletjumped my way through the game. In 2001, Max Payne was a pretty interesting and difficult game that allowed you to pretend you were a hard-boiled Neo from The Matrix; in 2013, it is a third person Hotline Miami without any hammer-shaped questions about our complicity in violence.

Max Payne is a puzzle game that you solve with bullets.

II. Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne

Like always, the dead had all the answers I was missing. It wasn’t that they weren’t eager to talk. Quite the contrary. The dead had plenty to say. And once they started, they would never shut up. Their words keep you awake at night.

This seems to be the most lauded game in the series, but I’m not sure why. It could be that there was enough time between the release of the first game and this one to allow people to remember the cool parts of the first game (bulletdodging, gritty crime stuff, Captain Baseballbatboy) and forget the punishing difficulty and nightmare sequences that featured a screaming infant with the occasional woman’s scream layered over the top of it.

The Fall of Max Payne continues the story. Max starts out doing his job, gets embroiled in a conspiracy, and everything spirals upward from there. I played through the game in (basically) one extended session, and I can’t really explain what happened; Max shot people, justice was had, and yet another woman that Max Payne loved was killed for a plot reason that is dubious to say the least.

I wasn’t so impressed by the second game, but I can say that there are two design choices that I enjoyed:

1. The final boss fight is a torturous encounter where the player has to shoot some super tiny pegs out of ceiling architecture. The first game had something similar–you had to use a sniper rifle to shoot some cables in order to kill a helicopter. This was something you had never had to do before in the game–there had been no precision shooting at any point in the game before that. Max Payne 2 follows this pattern, and just like its predecessor, tells you precisely fuck all about what you are supposed to be doing.

Cue fifteen full minutes of me running in a big circle and shooting my gun and screaming at the top of my lungs. I think that kind of final boss design is neat in retrospect.

2. There is a level where you control another character, Mona, instead of Max. It seems like a lot more care went into the design of those levels, and I thought that her animations were a lot more polished than Max’s. I would rather play a Mona Sax game.

III. Max Payne III

I’m a dumb move guy. ‘Hey Max, we’ll drive out to the runway.’ No thanks, I’ll take the main entrance with a big shit eating grin on my face and let these assholes take turns trying to kill me. That’s my style, and it’s too late in the day to hope for change.

Years after the events of the previous game, Max is a washed up detective and a serious alcoholic. He’s a terrible shell of the man we knew before, who was already basically hollow. Then Max, in a drunken stupor, shot a twenty-something square in the chest. I saw it; shit, I pulled the trigger.

That’s the tone of the third game. It isn’t a strange semi-parody of crime fiction and generic tropes. It is full-on “take this social text seriously,” and playing it directly after the first two games was a shock. Seeing bad thing after bad thing happen to Max and the people who depend on him is supposed to bond the player with him, but toward the end of the game I started to see it as grim humor. You come into contact with Max Payne and your chances of being burned alive or shot to death go up about 1000%.

I also feel like the power of the first two games is that the player has very few tools at your disposal to deal with the problems that the game throws at her. When I play Max Payne, I feel like I am being forced to keep forward momentum. Hanging back just means that more enemies are going to path at me, and I can’t really do much other than run. This forces a particular style of play–Max has a gun in each hand, and you know damn well what you have to do to progress.

I guess what I am saying is that the conversion of the Max Payne games into a cover shooter slows down the pace of the game, and more than that it makes the player feel like there are actual options. You can choose to play defensively, only taking shots that matter, and slowly progress through each room until you hit an inevitable two minute cutscene where Max walks through a door to an aching voice over. In previous games, there were no options, no defensive maneuvers. You dodged and shot and died, or survived on a sliver of health, because that’s all you could do.

The Max Payne of New York City lives on that sliver of health all the time, and the moment of adrenaline where you barely kill three enemies with well-placed bullet time shots is absent in Max Payne 3. Every moment makes you feel like a hero; each set piece is designed to fill the player with a sense of power.

That’s not the Max Payne I know and love. My Max Payne is a paper thin thing that is 85% blood colored. He’s always one door away from being eradicated. The chunky meat man of Max Payne 3 is an entertaining bald version of my paper man; he’s an imitation. He’s boring.

 

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Frank Castle on Fighting

Fighting for the people who run the world gets you stabbed in the back. You fight the wars they start and feed. You kill the monsters they create. You die from handling depleted uranium while they get rich on oil. I’m not going to war so Colt can sell another million M-16s. I had enough of that in Vietnam.

Frank Castle
written by Garth Ennis
The Punisher MAX vol. 1

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On Red Dead Redemption

1.
I’m not good at analyzing Rockstar games. I’m not good at breaking them down and showing all of the pieces, holding each one up to my eye, judging it good or bad, and then parsing it all into a good and bad pile. I’m very vocal about never being immersed in games–I think that’s PR speak that the player community has absorbed as a truth–but when I play games developed by Rockstar, I do come away with a profound sense of world and identification with the protagonist character.

There’s a reason for this: it is built for me. The video game critical community spends a lot of time talking about how AAA video games as fantasies for white/straight/cis/able/middle class men, and that’s generally true for the kind of narratives and mechanics that get churned out by the industry. These narratives rarely connect with me; I don’t want to go to war, don’t want to subjugate women, don’t want to accrue capital, don’t want to lead a country, am not very masculine–I can rarely project myself into the fantasy because there’s no hook. It is never a fantasy for me.

Grand Theft Auto IV and now Red Dead Redemption do, though. The hook is in not the characters–although I was drawn to both Niko Bellic and John Marston in different ways–but in the reason that these characters are acting in their respective worlds. Nico Bellic was in America, and he had to get up and get out of the squalor that his cousin put him in from day one; he did some horrible things to make that work. John Marston had to do it for his family, for people he cared about; he was bound to the course of things because over there, somewhere, there were people depending on him. And if he didn’t do anything, everything he could, then those people would be, at best, imprisoned for life.

2.
AAA games since Bioshock have been in love with their own trappings. Being clever means being reflexive about how they are created, why things are structured the way that they are; in other words, why is the world shaped like a game? Bioshock quips “because you had to.” Bioshock Infinite turns it into “because you had to because it is always this way.” Spec Ops: The Line gives it a different inflection with “it is always this way because you expect it to be this way.”

I appreciate RDR because it doesn’t dodge the question of why the main character is doing horrible things like killing fifty citizens and then razing their town. It wasn’t because he was suffering from psychosis or because he was being mind controller or because *finger wag* the plaaaaayer expects it to be this way, you naughty player. It is because the most important thing in his life is the people he cares about and he is both capable of and willing to do anything, anything, in order to make sure that those people are safe.

3.
What would you do to protect the people you love? Not in the advertising copy, “what would you doooooo? Would you play a corridor shooter?!?” way, but in a The Road way. What is the limit of the human in the face of the annihilation of the only people you care about in the world?

4.
Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian, a fairly obvious key source work for Red Dead Redemption, is often cited as an apocalyptic novelRed Dead Redemption is an apocalyptic game. The destruction of everything is at the center of the game: the wild horses are reigned, the indigenous people are murdered, the buffalo are overhunted, the wildlife and killed for sport, the people are brought under the caul of violent governments. The precise balance of violence is cut down with the destabilizing precision of machine guns and automobiles and the ever-running train.

5.
Everything broken, everything shattering around him, John Marston moves from place to place and does what he has to. John Marston is a hound. John Marston is a walking gun. John Marston has no pretensions about himself. He seems to be religious and resigned to an eternity in hell for the things he has done. John Marston never stops to think that he might already be in hell.

6.
The end of Red Dead Redemption caught me, caught something in my throat. Here we are, at the end of the story, eking out an existence in this land doomed to be destroyed with pavement or with the overriding decay of time. Here we see John Marston herding cattle with his son; here we see him killing men over fifteen cows.

John Marston relates to his son in the most distant way he can. There’s a buffer between them made of time and guilt and the dead, but John pursues his son’s love and trust. The motives of the game remixed: “what would you do for the people you love?” becomes “what would you do to make the people you love return that love?” We watch John Marston try so hard to make sure his son knows that he loves him. What makes it worse, so much worse, is that we know he succeeds.

rdr1

7.
JACK: Is there anything you don’t like shootin’, Pa?
JOHN: Well I ain’t met the thing yet, but soon as I do I’ll let you know. You can even put it in one of them books you read.
JACK: Maybe I’ll do that–The Day John Marston Stopped Shooting.
JOHN: I ain’t no literary man, but I don’t think that’ll sell. People like shootin’ in them things.
JACK: I think you may be right there, Pa.
[*]

8.
My father was a rancher as a young man. My father is loud. My father can shoot a gun and understands the world as a product and a symptom of guns. My father tells a story about watching a friend die, shot in the head. My father is apart, separated from me by a buffer that I will never understand.

John Marston steps out of that barn and I think about my father, burning.

9.
Red Dead Redemption has its hooks in me, deep.

10.
rdr2

 

 

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